Foundation Program Sites

Research & Publications

The Cardiac Care Outcomes Assessment Program has over 22 years of data collected from every hospital in Washington State that performs PCI or adult cardiac surgery. We add over 15,000 PCI records and almost 5,000 cardiac surgery records each year, which creates a wealth of data for asking research questions that are relevant and urgent to the quality and future of cardiac care.

If you would like to be involved in research initiated by the COAP Research Subcommittee contact Dr. Ravi Hira, COAP Medical Director, at rhira@qualityhealth.org.

You may also submit an application for use of COAP data in your research. To obtain a research proposal application, go here. 

Peer-Reviewed Publications

  1. Goss JR, Whitten RW, Phillips RC, et al. Washington State’s Model of Physician Leadership in Cardiac Outcomes Reporting. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:695-701.
  1. Goss JR, Epstein A, Maynard C. Effects of cardiac rehabilitation on self-reported health status following coronary artery bypass surgery. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 2002 22(6):410-417.
  1. Maynard C, Goss JR, Malenka M, Reisman M. Adjusting for Patient Differences in Predicting Hospital Mortality for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in the Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program. American Heart Journal, 2003; 145:658-664.
  1. Aldea GS, Goss JR, Boyle EM, Quinton R, Maynard C.  Use of Off-Pump and On-Pump CABG Strategies in Current Clinical Practice. The Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program of the State of Washington. Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 2003; 18:206-215.
  1. Dabal RJ, Goss JR, Maynard C, Aldea G. The Effect of Left Internal Mammary Artery Utilization on Short-Term Outcomes after Coronary Revascularization. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2003; 76:464-470.
  1. Wu, AH, Goss JR, Maynard C, Stewart DK, Zhao X-Q. Predictors of repeat revascularization after non-emergent, first percutaneous coronary intervention in the community. American Heart Journal, 2004; 147:146-150.
  1. Wu AH, Goss JR, Maynard C, Stewart DK, Zhao XQ. Predictors of hospital outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in the community.  Journal of Interventional Cardiology 17:151-158, 2004.
  1. Johnston G, Goss JR, Malmgren JA, Spertus JA. Health status and social risk correlates of extended length of stay following coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004 Feb; 77(2):557-62.
  1. Goss, JR, Maynard C, Aldea G, Marcus-Smith M, Whitten R, Johnston G, Phillips R, Reisman M, Kelley A, Anderson R. Effects of a statewide physician-led quality improvement program on the quality of cardiac care. American Heart Journal, 2006; 151(5):1040-1049.
  1. Maynard C, Rao SV, Gregg M, Phillips RC, Reisman M, Tucker E, Goss JR. The Role of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Predicting Hospital Mortality for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in the Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program. Journal of Invasive Cardiology, 2009; 21(1): 1-5.
  1. Aldea GS, Mokadam N, Melford R, Stewart D, Maynard C, Reisman M, Goss JR. Changing volumes, risk profiles, and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting, and percutaneous coronary interventions. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009;87:1828-1838.
  1. Mokadam NA, Melford RE, Maynard C, Goss JR, Stewart D, Reisman M, Aldea GS. Prevalence and procedural outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with diabetes and multi-vessel coronary artery disease. Journal of Cardiac Surgery 2011;26:1-8.
  1. Bradley SM, Maynard C, Bryson CL. Appropriateness of percutaneous coronary interventions in Washington State.  Circulation:  Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 5:445-453,2012.
  1. Riley RF, Don CW, Aldea GX, Mokadam NA, Probstfield J, Maynard C, Goss JR. Recent trends in adherence to secondary prevention guidelines for patients undergoing coronary revascularization in Washington State: An analysis of the COAP registry.  Journal of the American Heart Association 1:e002733do1:  10.1161/JAHA.112.002733,2012.
  1. Maynard C, Bradley SM, Bryson CL. The practice of transradial percutaneous coronary intervention in the Washington State Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program.  American Heart Journal 165:332-337,2013.
  1. Likosky DS, Malenka DJ, Kommareddi M, Furnary AP, Helm R, Bryson CL, Paone G, Ruyun J, Maynard C, Olmstead EM, Mackenzie TA, Zhang M, Hanson E. Geographic Variability in Potentially Discretionary Red Blood Cell Transfusions After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery.  Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2014 December; 148(6); 3084-3089. 
  1. Dale CR, Bryson CL, Fan VS, Maynard C, Yanez ND III, Treggiari MM. A Greater Analgesia, Sedation, Delirium Order Set Quality Score Is Associated With a Decreased Duration of Mechanical Ventilation in Cardiovascular Surgery Patients. Critical Care Medicine. 2013;41(11):2610–2617.  
  1. Bradley SM, Bohn CM, Malenka DJ, Graham MM, Bryson CL, McCabe JM, Curtis JP, Lambert-Kerzner A, Maynard C. Temporal trends in percutaneous coronary intervention appropriateness: insights from the Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program. Circulation 2015;132:20-26.
  1. Beatty AL, Bradley SM, Maynard C, McCabe J. Referral to Cardiac Rehabilitation After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, and Valve Surgery: Data From the Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017.
  1. Lambert-Kezner A, Maynard C, McCreight, M, Ladebue A, Williams K, Fehling K, Bradley S. Assessment of Barriers and Facilitators in the Implementation of Appropriate Use Criteria for Elective Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: A Qualitative Study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (2018) 18:164. 
  1. Kearney K, Maynard C, Smith B, Rea TD, Beatty A, McCabe JM. Performance of Coronary Angiography and Intervention after Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Resuscitation (2018).
  1. Hira RS, Ring M, Dunbar P. Public Reporting of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Outcomes Done Differently-Leading From Washington. JAMA                Cardiol. 2018 Nov1;3(11):1126-1127.
  1. Kataruka A, Doll JA, Hira RS. Public Reporting for Cardiac Procedures: Is the Juice Worth the Squeeze?. JACC. 2019 October29; 74(17)l; 2216-21.
  1. Kataruka A, Maynard C, Kearney KE, Mahmoud A, Bell S, Doll JA, McCabe JM, Bryson C, Gum HS, Jneid H, Virani S, Lehr E, Ring M, Hira RS. Temporal Trends in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Insights From the Washington Cardiac Care Outcomes Assessment Program. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020 May27.
  1. Nathan AS, Raman S, Yang N, Painter I, Khatana SA, Dayoub Ej, Herrmann Hc, Yeh Rw, Groeneveld PW, Doll JA, McCabe JM, Hira RS, Giri J, Fanaroff AC. Association Between 90-Minute Door-to-Balloon Time, Selective Exclusion of Myocardial Infarction Cases, and Access Site Choice: Insights from the Cardiac Care Outcomes Assessment Program (COAP) in Washington State. Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions. 2020 September; 13:e009179.
  1. Kataruka A, Maynard C, Hira RS, Dean L, Dardas T, Gurm H, Brown J, Ring ME, Doll JA. Government Regulation and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Volumes, Access and Outcomes: Insights From the Washington State Cardiac Care Outcomes Assessment Program. JAHA.122.025607. Sept 6, 2022.

Abstracts / Presentations

  1. Goss, J. Richard, Bird D., Phillips, R.  Detecting Health Status Changes in Patients Undergoing CABG Surgery: Is the SF-36 a Suitable Instrument? HSR&D National Meeting. Washington, D.C., February 1996.
  1. Goss, J. Richard et al. The Washington State CABG Outcomes Assessment Team: A model in statewide quality assurance.  Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program National Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, Fl, November, 1997.
  1. Goss, J. Richard et al. The Washington State CABG Outcomes Assessment Team: A model in statewide quality assurance. Northwest Health Policy Research Conference, Seattle, Washington, May, 1998.
  1. Goss, J. Richard. Practical Case Studies in CABG CQI.  AHA 2nd Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke.  Washington D.C., April, 2000.
  1. Johnston, GG, Malmgren J, Goss JR. Can patients tell us how long they will be in the hospital? American College of Cardiology National Meeting, Atlanta GA, March 2001.
  1. Beinart, Sean C., Goss JR, Malmgren J. Predictors of Impaired Health Status 6 Months After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. ACC National Meeting, March 2002. Supplement to Journal of the American College of Cardiology.  2002;39(5-Suppl A):437A.
  1. Wu, Audrey H., Goss JR, Maynard C, Stewart DK, Zhao X-Q. Predictors of repeat percutaneous coronary intervention within one year after first percutaneous coronary intervention. ACC National Meeting, March 2002. Supplement to Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2002;39(5-Suppl A):438A.
  1. Wu, Audrey H., Goss JR, Maynard C, Stewart DK, Zhao X-Q. Predictors of hospital outcome after first percutaneous coronary intervention in the community. ACC National Meeting, March 2002. Supplement to Journal of the American College of Cardiology.  2002; 39(5-Suppl A):438A.
  1. Maynard Charles, Goss JR, Malenka DJ, Reisman M. Adjusting for patient characteristics in predicting hospital mortality for percutaneous coronary interventions in the Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program.  Circulation 2002;106:II-761
  1. Beatty AL, Bradley SM, Maynard C, McCabe JM. Referral to Cardiac Rehabilitation after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, and Valve Surgery: Data from the Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program. American Heart Association Meeting. Nov 2016.
  1. Kataruka A, Maynard C, Kearney K, Bell S, McCabe J, Doll J, Hira R. TCT-771 Temporal Trends in Risk Profiles of Patients Receiving Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Insights from the Washington State Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program (COAP). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Sep, 72 (13_Supplement) B308
  1. Birs AS, Smith BM, Kearney K, Rea T, Maynard C, McCabe JM. The impact of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest  patients on hospital quality reporting of percutaneous coronary intervention; can prediction models do better.  Circulation:  Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes.  12:A107,2019.
  1. Bell S, Kataruka A, Kearney K, Hira R. Short and Long-term Outcomes of Medicare Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention via the Transradial Versus Transfemoral Approach: Insights From the Washington State Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Mar, 73 (9_Supplement_1) 1213
  1. Kataruka A, Daniels D, Maynard C, Kearney K, Mahmoud A, Doll J, McCabe J, Lombardi W, Hira R. Protamine Utilization and Clinical Outcomes for Coronary Artery Perforation in Chronic Total Occlusion Procedures. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Mar, 75 (11_Supplement_1) 1293
  1. Mahmoud A, Kataruka A, Doll J, Jneid H, Hira R. Trend in Utilization and Outcomes of Bivalirudin Versus Unfractionated Heparin in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome: A State-Wide analysis (2012-2018). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Mar, 75 (11_Supplement_1) 174
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